I skipped the App Store and shipped 3 offline PWAs instead. Here's what that actually costs you
Apple wants $99/year before a single person can install your thing. I'm a student, so I went the PWA route for three small apps and want to write down the honest tradeoffs, because every PWA post I read was either a fanboy or a funeral.
What actually worked: - Install prompt on Android is genuinely one tap. On iOS it's Share > Add to Home Screen, which is three taps and a sentence of explanation on the page. Not free, but not fatal. - Offline via service worker was maybe 40 lines. Cache the shell, version the cache, bump the version on deploy or you will ship a ghost of your old app to everyone who already installed it. I learned that one the expensive way. - localStorage only, no backend. This killed my hosting bill, my privacy policy anxiety, and about 80% of the code I thought I'd need.
What actually hurt: - No push on iOS unless the user installs it first. So your retention loop has to live inside the app. - No store surface means no discovery. You are 100% responsible for distribution. This is the real cost, not the $99. - Debugging an installed PWA on iOS is miserable compared to the browser.
Would I do it again for a small utility app? Yes, immediately. Would I do it for something that needs push, payments, or discovery? No.
Happy to answer anything about the service worker setup.
Free tools, three installable apps, and two SIGCSE 2026 papers. See the work or read the facts. Open to Summer 2027 software engineering, AI/ML, and quant internships.